Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye), officially the Republic of Turkey is a country the greater part of which is located in southwestern Asia and a small part in the South East Europe. Located Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits and the Sea of GPRS, - that link the Black Sea and Aegean Sea up Asia to Europe - in its territory, which makes its strategic and influential countries bordering the Black Sea. Is bordered by Georgia and Iran, Armenia and Azerbaijan in the east, Iraq, Syria and the Mediterranean Sea in the south with the sea border with Egypt, Cyprus, the Aegean Sea, Greece and Bulgaria in the west, the Black Sea to the north.
Turkey was the center of Ottoman rule until 1922, that the Turkish Republic was established in 1923 by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
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Turkey was the center of Ottoman rule until 1922, and has disintegrated state Seljuk Vtkont the Ottoman Empire in the centuries XIV and XVI and taken to expand even seized control of the Byzantine Empire, Bulgaria and Serbia to stop its expansion following the defeat of Bayezid I (Yıldırım) lightning in 1402 AD, followed period of this defeat and a few political unrest. State regained its balance and continued expansion in the reign of Murad II, and Muhammad the Conqueror, which managed to enter Constantinople in 1453 AD, ending the Byzantine presence in the region. Then passed through stages of the Ottoman Empire was followed by deterioration and degeneration of some of the stages of growth and prosperity, which was soon only a little time until the position remained in the state of decay. The organizations announced the year 1839, a European-style reforms. And ended the Sultan Abdul Hamid II, these reforms in a tyrannical manner, as a result he antagonized the Sultan all the national forces in Turkey. In the year 1922, last sultan was deposed Mohammed VI (Ottoman Sultan and not the current king of Morocco). Finally, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk abolished the Caliphate in the final year, 1924.
Turkey has suffered after the First World War nationalist movement led by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (ie, father of Turks), and declared Turkey Republic Vetoly presidency in 1923, until his death in 1938, has been able to replace the principles of the Islamic norms of secular nationalist and replaced by writing in Turkey from Arabic into Latin and then his successor after him in power (Ismat Anino) until the year 1950, and took control of civilian rule the country until 1973, and the rule of the military after that date has led to the development of unstable triggering violence in 1980, and the Government of the Turkish opposition to the Kurds and Armenians as the Kurds represent between 20-25 million people and the government does not recognize them as an independent republic, and in 1991, allowed the Turkish President Ozal's resort Kurds to Turkish territory after the revolution in Iraq in 1993, became (Tzlno Ciller) was the first prime minister in Turkey.
Language
The official language is Turkish language, as spoken by about 77% of the population of the country. Kurdish language is used between the Kurdish minority (about 20%), about 2% still speak the Arabic language among the Turks of Arab origin. Other languages are minority languages present in the country: Aramaic, Armenian, Albanian, Georgian, Greek, Circassian and Allazeh. There are several dialects of Turkish language, vary by region Almtdoualh them. Languages English, German, French and widespread, especially among the upper class in major cities and tourist areas. Spread between the German working class, which worked one day in Germany.
Religion
Turkey condemns the majority of the population of the Islamic religion, according to official statistics, this is a 99:8% of the population of the country. About 85% of them follow the Sunni sect, while the follow up to 20% are Shiites top [3]. It also owes about 5.8% and particularly Orthodox Christianity, Judaism and 0.04%. Christians make up about 20% of the population of the territory of present-day Turkey at the beginning of the twentieth century, either about the others they reach 5:6% understand the Yazidis, and Sabean Mandaean Manoyen and others.
The text of Article 24 of the Constitution in 1982 that the issue of worship is a matter of individual personality. So do not have groups or religious organizations of any benefits unconstitutional. This position and the application of secularism in Turkey in spring of the Kemalist Thought, which was attributed to the founder of modern Turkey, Kemal Ataturk, calling for secularism and the separation of church and state. Islamic institutions and clerics are their management by the Department of religious issues (Diyanet İşleri Bakanlığı). Employs about a hundred thousand imam and muezzin, and the sheikh of the invitation, as you b ***** and the construction of mosques. Is not supported organizations of other religions officially, but in return, enjoy the freedom and self-management work.
Festivals and holidays
* Holiday Workers
* Eid al-Adha
* Eid al-Fitr
Tourism
Tourism is one of the most important pillars of the Turkish economy, especially in recent decades. The number of tourists, 17.5 million tourists in 2004. German tourists constitute the largest proportion, followed by Russians and Alanglez. The south coast is famous for the beauty of nature and the long beaches to the extent that is known as the Turkish Riviera is an imitation of the French Riviera, in addition to many other areas Alsaahihaljamilh.
Education
About 25% of the population of Turkey are at the age of compulsory education, which has risen from five years of age reduce the age of eight in 1997. After that students enter high school consists of four years. Can now school students, starting from the 2004/2005 school year choose a second foreign language. Education system is the Turkish school in general from a lack of resources and budget and the large number of school students. Economic gap between East and West in Turkey reflect itself on the educational status of the population of these areas. For example there are among the schools in the eastern regions contain fifty students per class. School enrollment ratio of about 93% of the total population under this category. The proportion of illiteracy among men and 6% among women 18% of the total population, according to statistics in 2000.
There are 53 public universities and 24 private universities recognized in the country. Nearly two million students studying in Turkish universities, and they thus constitute 28% of the total number of students eligible for university study. A population of university teaching staff of about 77.100. Are monitoring and management of higher education by the Higher Education Council (YÖK), which was established in 1981. The student who wants to supplement his university education in Turkey in the performance of a public university entrance exam for universities and success in it, along with his degree in secondary school certificate examination, it establishes the University and specialization debating. There are about 16 thousand foreign students study in Turkey, most of whom come from Central Asian countries, affected Turkish culture.
While most of Turkey's population are Muslims, there is a government ban on headscarves in Turkish universities and schools and government departments. Application of this law was an extension of the Kemalist ideology that calls for a secular and to make schools and universities free of religious influence, at least technically. There is opposition to this law, especially the population of conservatives who see it as a restriction of their freedom of religion covered by the Turkish Constitution was debated this issue many times.
Arts
Began to Turkish cinema in the forties of the twentieth century. [Citation needed] pass drama serials Turkish period of unprecedented prosperity, especially among Arab viewers since the introduction of some series of Turkey in the Arab world, such as "light" and years of loss and "the moment of farewell" and the tears rose, crown Alordo " Mernaokhalil "The days pass by that achieved unprecedented success in the region.
New to all of this thank you for the info!
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